Readability of Character Size for Car-Navigation Systems (2024.2.取下)
author
Kazuhiro FUJIKAKE (Systems Safety Research Group, The Institute for Science of Labour), Satoshi HASEGAWA (Department of Information Culture, Nagoya Bunri University), Masako OMORI (Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women’s University), Hiroki TAKADA (Department of Radiological Technology, Gifu University of Medical Science), Masaru MIYAO (Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Information Technology Center, Nagoya University)
Abstract
An experimental examination of the readability of a car-navigation system by elderly, middle-aged and young people was conducted. Subjects (127 people: 19-76 years of age) evaluated ease of reading of displayed characters. The experiment evaluated characters displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) similar to those used in car-navigation systems, and evaluated subjective evaluation of readability in 9 stages. Traffic terms were shown in 5 character sizes (2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm height) and two languages (Japanese and English) in the experiment. The experiment was conducted with the LCD in two positions: frontal position of the subject and left diagonal position (about 30 degrees). The results showed that the frontal position was significantly more readable than the left diagonal position. The subjective evaluation of readability included both Japanese and English characters. This result shows that English characters were more readable than Japanese ones. The values from the self-rated evaluation of readability were examined using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the results showed a significant difference in readability between character sizes. In addition, significant differences were seen between the age groups in the readability of characters in theleft diagonal position.
keywords
Car-navigation system, Character size, LCD, Subjective evaluation of readability , Elderly people
In 2006, approximately 230,000 crossing collisions occurred in Japan, and it is reported that the main factor of crossing collision is recognition error. This study aimed to investigate relationship between driver behavior and driver error at unsignalised blind intersections where many crossing collisions have occurred. The author proposed the closing vehicle warning system as the countermeasure against those accidents at unsignalized blind intersections and established with trial subjects using driving simulator. In the result, it became clear that the main factor of crossing collision was insufficient checking behavior of drivers at no priority road. The warning system was validated that most of drivers understood this alert and had safer behavior while entering an intersection.
A Survey on Educational Practice by Using a Mobile-phone
著者
安藤 明伸(宮城教育大学)
Abstract
A survey is presented concerning educational practices using the mobile-phone presented to symposium on mobile phones since its start on 1998. Until the establishment of Society of Mobile Interactions in 2007, 30 papers were presented on this topic. These papers are classified into three categories: research papers, practice studies and studies on students’ practice of use.There were 9 research papers. They investigated how university students used mobile-phones in everyday lives, questionnaire to practice mobile-learning, and on effects of interactions keeping anonymity in a face-to-face class. These papers cleared up students used more e-mail and web browser functions than voice calling, as is reported elsewhere.There were 16 reports in practice studies. They were sub classified into four categories: face-to-face class, a field class, a mobile-learning and support for evaluation. In face-to-face class, a teacher let students use their mobile-phones to collect responses from them immediately in a large class room. The method mainly adopted e-mail. Using e-mail, teachers became able to collect students’ comments and share them in a class room that was impossible to do using traditional tools, i.e. paper and pens. Further, these practice enhanced the students’ motivation to participate in the class actively. These trials made an impact on development of new teaching methods.One report was concerned about communication among students, who joined, before formal school course, to a field-research trial using GPS to monitor the nature around everyday lives. The students reported that it was more convenient to communicate using mobile-phones than using PCs. There were two reports as a mobile-learning ? “vocabulary learning” and “CALL-drill” using a mobile-phone. Using a mobile-phone was suitable tool for learning anywhere and anytime. Papers of support evaluation reported that immediately evaluation could be helpful for a teacher to arrange his/her class. There were five studies about characteristics of students inputting. These were mental load, predictive conversion and error analysis. It was reported that mental load of students to take notes in class was less by mobile phones than by hand writing in this study range.As one of further visions, because a mobile-phone with GPS function will penetrate the market, we should develop a new teaching method using GPS function. And increasing applied practices using advantage of a mobile-phone ? immediacy, students’ high literacy and penetration and high mobility. It is important for students’ abundant studies and experience to continue to practice using advanced method.
キーワード
携帯電話，教育実践，モバイル学会，動向
keywords
mobile-phone, educational practice, society of mobile interactions, survey
Prototype System of Keep-Alive Service over 3G Network
著者
白井 俊宏(東京大学大学院情報理工学系研究科)
Abstract
The point of this paper is keep-alive service over 3G network. The data communication using the cellular phone system became common activities. The purpose of use has developed from an individual telephone to the data communication with computers. The author thinks that there are three important points about mobile data communication. First point is high speed and large capacity. Second point is small and fixed cost. Third point is keep-alive and always-on connection. Past cellular phones have developed as personal devices. The individually connections are made accordingly. In new fields like machine communications hope keep-alive system. Accordingly, we propose keep-alive service over 3G network. We made prototype system by additional program on mobile device and support equipments on wired network. Then, we have validated in Japan. As a result, this paper shows a possibility to make almost always-on over present 3G network with proposal system.
“ErgoPhone” with a New Key Layout Based on Ergonomics
著者
福井 裕, 川野 常夫, 林 哲徳(摂南大学理工学部)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to ergonomically design a cell phone named as “ErgoPhone” with a new key layout. A prototype of the keypad is fabricated to improve the physical burden caused at key-in when using conventional cell phone. In the ErgoPhone, ten keys are located along two arcs on the keypad surface to reduce the muscle burden of the thumb. Besides, text input method with Roman letters is adopted to require only a few keystrokes. Experiments were carried out to measure reach zone of the thumb, muscle burden by EMG, the time required to input text and so forth when using the ErgoPhone and the conventional cell phone. The results showed that the muscle burden of the thumb with ErgoPhone decreased about 30% compared with the conventional one. The text input time decreased about 28%.
キーワード
携帯電話, キー配置, 身体的負荷, 文字入力, 人間工学
keywords
cell phone, key layout, physical burden, text input and Ergonomics
Characteristic Changes in the Brain Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) during“Aha” Experiences
著者
寺西 慶祐(立命館大学大学院理工学研究科), 萩原 啓(立命館大学情報理工学部)
Abstract
Neuroscience has made progress. In addition to advancing research, these findings are also being used in commercial areas. In this study, we focused on “Aha” experiences among the various workings of the brain to quantify brain activity and apply it to Neuromarketing. As a first step, we identified the characteristic changes in hemoglobin concentration in the brain during “Aha” experiences using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). And we reproduce “Aha experience” to define it Momentary Learning. In the control experiments, no characteristic changes were observed. In the main experiment, characteristic changes were observed during the 30 seconds from the moment when the button was pressed. Consequently, the waveform at this time was considered to indicate characteristics of the time of Momentary Learning. This finding is consistent with results from previous studies using MRI. Thus, it may be possible to conduct experimental measurements more easily using NIRS, which has fewer restrictions and lower costs than MRI.
Study on Masking Visuo-Spatial Processing Due to Cell Phone Talking While Driving
著者
川野 常夫(摂南大学理工学部)
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to reveal empirically that the driving performances during talking with a cell phone are equivalent to those masking the driver’s sight intermittently while driving. Six young male subjects participated in the experiment. They conducted the driving experiments using a driving simulator under the two types of conditions as follows; (1) Talking condition with a hand-held cell phone and (2) Only driving condition wearing “LCD Shutter Goggles” to mask their sight intermittently. The talking tasks through the cell phone were arithmetic questions with four difficulty levels i.e. the number of the figures from 2 to 5. Thirty-three combinations of transmitting and masking time of the Goggles were selected. Under the each condition traveling instability, the number of passing of the other cars, and collision with the preceding car were measured while driving for one minute. As a result, the driving performances during talking with a cell phone were almost equivalent to those masking the driver’s sight repeatedly for 2.3 seconds per 10 seconds.
A Simultaneous Zooming and Scrolling Method for Web Browsing on Mobile InformationTerminal
著者
村田 和義, 永友 圭一朗, 渋谷 雄(京都工芸繊維大学)
Abstract
When users browse a Web page on a small screen of their mobile information terminal, they often zoom in/out and scroll the web page. There are several zooming methodｓ for mobile information terminal such as button pressing, double-tapping, and pinching. For scrolling, sliding or flicking is used. However, these methods are not so efficient for browsing because it is needed to do them sequentially to display the contents they want. In this paper, a simultaneous zooming and scrolling method for Web browsing on mobile information terminal is proposed. In this method, zooming rate and scrolling increment are simultaneously decided from the amount of movement of the mobile information terminal held by user. A result of an experiment showed that the number of operation of our proposed method was less than that of other existing methods in browsing a Web page.
キーワード
携帯端末, Webブラウジング, ズーム, スクロール
keywords
Mobile information terminal, Web browsing, Zooming, Scrolling
This paper describes driver’s eye direction and feeling of anxiety on a small electric car and an electric wheel chair when travelling based on automated driving and remote operated driving This study is one of many researches of Co-Mobility Society Project advanced by Keio University and it is a fundamental research to collect various technical requirements needed to design Co-Mobility Simulator to research and develop human machine interface of advanced personal electric vehicle, Co-Mobility electric Vehicle (CMV). The experiment used a small electric car and an electric wheel chair which can travel based on either automated driving or remote operated driving. The experiment was conducted in a test track, which had various road surface sections such as tarmac, bump, gravel and slope sections. The young and elderly subjects participated in the experiment and experienced automated driving and remote operated driving of small electric car and electric wheel char. The data of subject’s eye direction and vehicle behavior were collected during travelling from start to goal on the experiment course. After experiencing each experimental condition, they were instructed to answer some questionnaires. The driver’s eye direction and anxiety feeling were discussed based on various conditions of road surface, car type and automated/remote operated driving, and moreover the technical specification of Co- Mobility simulator to analyze and evaluate driver’s human factors and human machine interface of CMV was also discussed
キーワード
自動運転, 視認行動, 不安感, 小型電動自動車, 電動車椅子
keywords
automated driving, eye direction, anxiety feeling, small electric vehicle, electricwheelchair
Study of Information to Reduce Driver’s Anxiety Feeling in Automated Driving of a Personal Electric Vehicle – Analysis and Evaluation by Using Co-Mobility Simulator –
This paper investigates driver’s anxiety feeling and information to reduce such feeling in a personal electric vehicle, Co-Mobility vehicle (CMV) developed by Keio University, which has automated driving function and human machine interface to provide information. In the experiment, Co-Mobility simulator was made to enable to simulate several features of CMV. Some cases in which drivers of CMV may experience in the field were designed and set up in the simulator. Young and elderly subjects participated in the experiment and they were instructed to make comment from the viewpoint of anxiety feeling. Based on the results, the relation between driver’s anxiety feeling and content of information was discussed.
General diagnostic imaging requires the use of a medical display because medical images have a wide dynamic range and a large number of pixels. On the other hand, owing to their high portability, personal digital assistants (PDAs) such as iPhone or iPod touch (Apple Inc.) are expected to be used in many fields such as emergency medical care or community healthcare. However, there are only a few reports on the physical properties of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) of these. In this study, we evaluate the physical properties of these by measuring their tone characteristics using luminance and their resolution characteristics using modulation transfer function (MTF). In addition, we examined the influence of LCDs protective filter on the physical properties. As results to measurements of physical properties, each display shows different tone characteristics. Moreover, these tone characteristics are also different from those for viewing medical images using the LCDs in the diagnostic imaging. For the resolution characteristics, both the iPhone and iPod touch show the similar MTF. In addition, in these characteristics, we confirm no influence of the LCDs protective filter. We consider that the LCDs of the PDAs will be available for displaying the medical images.
キーワード
iPhone, iPod touch, 変調伝達関数, 階調特性, 液晶モニタ
keywords
iPhone, iPod touch, modulation transfer function (MTF), tone characteristics and liquidcrystal displays (LCDs)
